If the pulp becomes infected, the infection may spread through the root canal system of the tooth. This may eventually lead to an abscess. An abscess is an inflamed area in which pus collects and can cause swelling of the tissues around the tooth. The symptoms of an abscess can range from a dull ache to severe pain, and the tooth may be tender when you bite. If root canal treatment is not done, the infection will spread and the tooth may need to be taken out.

The aim of the treatment is to remove all the infection from the root canal. The root is then cleaned and filled to prevent any further infection.

The infected pulp is removed and any abscesses can be drained. The root canal is then cleaned and shaped ready for filling. A temporary filling is put in and the tooth is left to settle.

No. A local anaesthetic is used and it should feel no different to having an ordinary filling done. There may be some tenderness afterward but this should gradually get less over time.

Yes. However, because a ‘dead’ tooth is more brittle, you may need to have a crown to provide extra support and strength to the tooth.

As with all procedures there are risks that need to be considered before having treatment. These include:

• Prolonged numbness

• Darkening of the tooth

• Weakening of the tooth

• Inability to fully access or clean the root canal system

• Fracturing of the file used to clean the root

• Fracturing of the tooth, requiring extraction

• Perforation of the floor of the tooth

• Allergic reaction to materials used.

The alternative is to have the tooth out. Once the pulp is destroyed it can’t heal, and it is not recommended to leave an infected tooth in the mouth.

Although some people would prefer to have the tooth out, it is usually best to keep as many natural teeth as possible.